H.R. 5863 · 118th Congress · House

Federal Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2023

Enacted· Became Public Law No: 118-148.
Introduced
Oct 2, 23
Passed House
May 21, 24
Passed Senate
Dec 4, 24
Sent to President
Dec 10, 24
Signed into Law
Dec 12, 24

Executive Summary

Federal Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2023

This act extends the time period during which an area impacted by a major disaster may be considered a qualified disaster area, which allows certain taxpayers to qualify for an increased tax deduction for losses attributable to the disaster. This act also excludes East Palestine, Ohio, train derailment payments and qualified wildfire relief payments from income for federal tax purposes and extends the statute of limitations period for some refund or credit claims resulting from qualified wildfire relief payments. 

Generally, individual taxpayers may claim an itemized tax deduction for unreimbursed personal casualty losses attributable to a federally declared disaster, to the extent that the loss exceeds $100 per casualty and total annual losses exceed 10% of adjusted gross income. However, personal casualty losses attributable to a qualified disaster area are deductible to the extent that they exceed $500 per casualty even if the taxpayer claims the standard deduction (rather than itemizing tax deductions) and are not subject to the 10% of adjusted gross income limitation.  A qualified disaster area is an area impacted by a major disaster during a specific period of time. 

The act extends the time period during which an area impacted by a major disaster may be considered a qualified disaster area and, therefore, allows disaster-related personal casualty losses sustained within those areas to be deducted to the extent such losses exceed $500 per casualty.

The act also treats East Palestine train derailment payments as qualified disaster relief payments, which allows such payments to be excluded from income for federal tax purposes. East Palestine train derailment payments include compensation received on or after February 3, 2023, for losses, damages, expenses, reduction in real property value, closing costs, or inconvenience resulting from the East Palestine train derailment if such amount was provided by

  • federal, state, or local government agencies;
  • Norfolk Southern Railway; or
  • any subsidiary, agent, or insurer of Norfolk Southern Railway.

Further, the act allows individuals to exclude from income qualified wildfire relief payments received between 2020 and 2025. Under the act, qualified wildfire relief payments include any unreimbursed amounts received in compensation for losses, expenses, or damages resulting from a forest or range fire that is a federally declared disaster declared after December 31, 2014. Damages include compensation for lost wages, personal injury, death, and emotional distress.

Finally, the act extends the statute of limitations for claiming a refund or credit related to qualified wildfire relief payments previously included in income on a federal tax return.  

Previous Versions

07Jan 16, 2024

Federal Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2023

This bill extends rules for the treatment of certain disaster-related personal casualty losses and provides tax relief for losses due to wildfires and a certain incident involving a train derailment.

Specifically, the bill excludes from taxpayer gross income, for income tax purposes, any amount received by an individual taxpayer as compensation for expenses or losses incurred due to a qualified wildfire disaster (a disaster declared after 2014 as a result of a forest or range fire). It also excludes relief payments for losses resulting from the East Palestine, Ohio, train derailment on February 3, 2023.

00Oct 2, 2023

Federal Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2023

This bill extends rules for the treatment of certain disaster-related personal casualty losses and provides tax relief for losses due to wildfires and a certain incident involving a train derailment.

Specifically, the bill excludes from taxpayer gross income, for income tax purposes, any amount received by an individual taxpayer as compensation for expenses or losses incurred due to a qualified wildfire disaster (a disaster declared after 2014 as a result of a forest or range fire). It also excludes relief payments for losses resulting from the East Palestine, Ohio, train derailment on February 3, 2023.

Action Timeline

28
  1. DEC 12, 2024BecameLaw

    Signed by President.

  2. DEC 12, 2024President

    Signed by President.

  3. DEC 12, 2024BecameLaw

    Became Public Law No: 118-148.

    118Yea
    148Nay
    0NV
  4. DEC 12, 2024President

    Became Public Law No: 118-148.

    118Yea
    148Nay
    0NV
  5. DEC 10, 2024President

    Presented to President.

  6. DEC 10, 2024Floor

    Presented to President.

  7. DEC 05, 2024Floor

    Message on Senate action sent to the House.

  8. DEC 04, 2024Committee

    Senate Committee on Finance discharged by Unanimous Consent.

  9. DEC 04, 2024Discharge

    Senate Committee on Finance discharged by Unanimous Consent.

  10. DEC 04, 2024Floor

    Passed/agreed to in Senate

    Passed Senate without amendment by Voice Vote.

  11. DEC 04, 2024Floor

    Passed Senate without amendment by Voice Vote

    (consideration: CR S6813)

  12. MAY 22, 2024IntroReferral

    Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Finance.

  13. MAY 21, 2024Floor

    Mr

    Smith (MO) moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended.

  14. MAY 21, 2024Floor

    Considered under suspension of the rules

    (consideration: CR H3379-3382)

    3379Yea
    3382Nay
    0NV
  15. MAY 21, 2024Floor

    DEBATE - The House proceeded with forty minutes of debate on H.R. 5863.

  16. MAY 21, 2024Floor

    At the conclusion of debate, the Yeas and Nays were demanded and ordered

    Pursuant to the provisions of clause 8, rule XX, the Chair announced that further proceedings on the motion would be postponed.

  17. MAY 21, 2024Floor

    Considered as unfinished business

    (consideration: CR H3387-3388)

    3387Yea
    3388Nay
    0NV
  18. MAY 21, 2024Floor

    Passed/agreed to in House

    Roll Call #219

    On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 382 - 7 (Roll no. 219). (text: CR H3379)

    382Yea
    7Nay
    0NV
  19. MAY 21, 2024Floor

    On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 382 - 7 (Roll no. 219). (text: CR H3379)

    Roll Call #219
    382Yea
    7Nay
    0NV
  20. MAY 21, 2024Floor

    Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.

  21. JAN 16, 2024Committee

    Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Ways and Means. H. Rept. 118-348.

    118Yea
    348Nay
    0NV
  22. JAN 16, 2024Committee

    Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Ways and Means. H. Rept. 118-348.

    118Yea
    348Nay
    0NV
  23. JAN 16, 2024Calendars

    Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 284.

  24. NOV 02, 2023Committee

    Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held

  25. NOV 02, 2023Committee

    Ordered to be Reported in the Nature of a Substitute (Amended) by the Yeas and Nays: 38 - 0.

    38Yea
    0Nay
    0NV
  26. OCT 02, 2023IntroReferral

    Introduced in House

  27. OCT 02, 2023IntroReferral

    Introduced in House

  28. OCT 02, 2023IntroReferral

    Referred to the House Committee on Ways and Means.

Committees

5

Finance Committee

ssfi00

Referred: Dec 5, 2024

Active

Finance Committee

ssfi00

Referred: May 22, 2024

Active

Ways and Means Committee

hswm00

Referred: Jan 16, 2024

Active

Ways and Means Committee

hswm00

Referred: Nov 2, 2023

Active

Ways and Means Committee

hswm00

Referred: Oct 2, 2023

Active